Assessment of the absorption ability of nitrate and lead by japanese raisin under salt stress conditions

From Firenze University Press Journal: Caryologia

Seyedeh Mahsa Hosseini, Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University

Sepideh KalatejariDepartment of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University

Mohsen KafiDepartment of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resource, University of Tehran

Babak MotesharezadehDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran

Metal pollution is harmful for human health and the environment. Human activities have been consid-ered an important factor in the contamination of the soil with heavy metals (HMs) (Akinci and Guven 2018; Motesharezadeh et al, 2016). The presence of HMs reduces soil fertility, crop yield, and soil microbial activity (Pinto et al, 2004; Sumiahadi and Acar, 2018). Lead (Pb), a HM pollutant in industrial ecosystems, is important in plant life because of its easily absorption by the plant roots, which is induced by its high accu-mulation in the surface area of the soil (Mosaferi et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2019). In addition to natural pro-cesses, Pb is also produced through the artificial sourc-es (exhaust fumes from automobiles, factories, battery tanks, and pesticides). After Pb is absorbed by roots, it causes changes in metabolic activities of plants, disrupt-ing their growth and development (Sharma and Dubey, 2005; Oguntade et al, 2018).

Presence of Pb, leads to a disruption of membrane carriers’ activity of the root cells, depleting nutrients such as magnesium, calcium, and iron. As a result of an experiment, deficiency symp-toms of these nutrients were reported in Pb-treated plants (Sharma and Dubey, 2005). Moreover, the over-use of nitrate fertilizers in agriculture fields leads to nitrate pollution of ground and surface waters (Castro‐Rodríguez et al, 2016).Climate change and water deficit is the important challenge in agriculture activities all over the world and soil salinity is the one of most important problem that cause by these challenges (Isayenkov and Maathuis, 2019). There are many studies have reported that salin-ity stress induced by NaCl restricts agriculture and crop yield (Isayenkov and Maathuis, 2019). Plant resist-ance to salinity depends on some mechanisms such as antioxidants activity, ion homeostasis, biosynthesis of osmolytes, and gene expression.

Phytoremediation is a useful technic based on the living plant’s ability to absorb ionic compound by their roots or leaves and clean up soil, air and water contamination (Berti and Cunningham, 2000). There are many reports on phytoremediation, such as phytoremediation of high lev-els of nitrate with poplar trees (Castro‐Rodriguez et al, 2016), zinc (Zn) and Pb nitrates with sunflowers (Adeso-dun et al, 2010), nitrate with Salvinia molesta (Ng and Chan, 2017) and Zn, Cd, and Pb with Typha angustifolia and Eichhornia crassipes (Sricoth et al, 2018). Generally, stresses such as salinity and heavy metals in which salinity increases the uptake of heavy metals, occur simultaneously in the environment.

The results of a study indicated that the presence of Cd along with NaCl in the root environment of four barley cultivars signifi-cantly reduced soil Cd concentration and increased its uptake by plants (Huang et al, 2007). Similarly, Abbasi et al. (2013) investigated the effect of irrigation water salin-ity on the rate of heavy metals uptake in Potamogeton berchtoldi and reported that the concentration of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in plant increased with the increas-ing salinity up to 4 and 6 dSm-1, respectively. In general, based on the results of the numerous studies, it can be concluded that under conditions of HMs (such as Pb and Cd) and salinity stresses, the plant’s nutritional needs for nutrients such as N, P and K will increase (Khosh-goftarmanesh, 2010; Yan et al, 2020).

Infact, the recommendation for more application of these nutrients under stress conditions, is a strategic management to prevent reducing plant dry matter. It should be mentioned that nitrate, in principle, increases the resistance to salinity, which has been similarly reported in several studies (Bai et al, 2021). However, there are limited reports on the phytore-mediation ability of Japanese raisin or its ability to grow in the contaminated soils. Based on this background, this study was aimed to assess the potential use of Japa-nese raisin for the phytoremediation of a nitrate/Pb polluted soil under conditions of salt stress.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1827

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