Nightshade (Solanum nigrum), an intermediate host between tomato and cucurbits of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus
From Firenze University Press Journal: Phytopathologia Mediterranea
Mohammad Ansar, Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University
Aniruddha Kumar Agnihotri, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Pulses Research
Tushar Ranjan, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University
Monika Karn, Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry
Srinivasaraghavan A, Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University
Ravi Ranjan Kumar, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University
Arun Prasad Bhagat, Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University
Weed plants possess ecological adaptability, and are found throughout the world. They are sources and reservoirs of viruses infecting many economically important crops. Weeds are also alternative hosts, where economically important pathogens can survive between crop cycles (Mubin et al., 2010; Papayiannis et al., 2011; Wyant et al., 2011; Jyothsna et al., 2013).
For example, whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (Begomovirus; Geminiviridae) are known to infect economically important crops as well as weed hosts (Seal et al., 2006; Mubin et al., 2009; Ansar et al., 2019; Agnihotri et al., 2019). To m a-to leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is an impor-tant bipartite geminivirus in Begomovirus, which infects approx. 43 different plant species in the Indian subcontinent, West Asia, and Europe (Moriones et al., 2017). The virus affects plant species in the Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Solanaceae (Hussain et al., 2004; Ito et al., 2008; Naimuddin et al., 2016). ToLC-NDV is an emerging virus in the Mediterranean basin. Alternative hosts of ToLCNDV were include Ecballium elaterium, Datura stramonium, Sonchus oleraceus, and Solanum nigrum (Miguel et al., 2019).
ToLCNDV is a bipartite virus that has two genomic DNAs, DNA-A and DNA-B. There are six open read-ing frames (ORFs) in DNA-A encoding six proteins that assist in replication, transcription, pathogenesis, and encapsidation. The DNA-B has two ORFs with products that play a major role during the movement of the virus through host plasmodesmata. Both DNA segments share a common region involved in the replication of DNA-B by a DNA-A-encoded replication initiator protein (Padidam et al., 1995; Hanley-Bowdoin et al., 2013).In India, a great variety of vegetable crops are grown throughout each year to meet food demands. Toma-to is mainly grown during the Rabi season (winter) in northern India, and several cucurbits, including bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), pumpkin (Cucurbita max-ima), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica), and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), are commonly grown in this region.
These crops can be infected by several monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses that induce typical curl-ing and mosaic symptoms. More than 25 weed species grow in crops of the two main vegetables (tomato and cucurbits). Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), a seasonal weed, grows abundantly associated with tomato and remains in fields up to the peak of the cucurbit season. Nightshade plants have puckered leaves, a symptom pre-viously and commonly attributed to insect feeding. Leaf puckering and mild leaf curling observed in nightshade at the Vegetable Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural Uni-versity, Sabour, India, suggested an alternate host of ToLCNDV, possibly acting as a green bridge for the virus.The present study investigated the causal virus of nightshade leaf distortions, and explored the possibility of host shift between two major families of vegetable crops.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12745
Read Full Text: https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/12745
