Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo LXXVII — Circumscribing Schismatoglottis sensu stricto, and seven new genera
From Firenze University Press Journal: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography (Webbia)
Wong Sin Yeng, Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
Peter C. Boyce, Dipartimento di Biologia, Centro Studi Erbario Tropicale (herbarium FT), University of Florence
The taxonomy of Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Moritzi has been the focus of much additional work since the publication of what was in all but name a monograph (Hay and Yuzammi 2000). Outputs include the recognition of an additional seventy-seven new species, the majority Bornean, and, begin-ning with Boyce and Wong (2008) and Wong et al. (2010), with supporting evidence in Low et al. (2014), and Low et al. (2018), compelling evidence that Schismatoglottissensu Hay & Yuzammi is polyphyletic. Combined molecu-lar and morphological evidence supported the first splits from Schismato-glottis including the new genus Schottarum P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong(Boyce and Wong 2008), resurrection of the neotropical genus Philonotion Schott (Wong et al. 2010), resurrection of Apoballis Schott (Boyce and Wong 2010), and establishment of Hestia S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce [later for nomenclatural reasons renamed Ve s t a S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce (Low et al. 2018)] for Schismatoglottis longi-folia Ridl. (Boyce and Wong 2010). Subsequent molecu-lar analyses of the Schismatoglottideae (Low et al. 2018) recovered a clade of Schismatoglottis with hapaxanthic stems (Hay 1996) centred on the generic type, Schisma-toglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll & Moritzi, that we sub-sequently referred to as ‘Core Schismatoglottis’. Although we were confident at that time to erect new genera from the mass of species assigned to Aridarum Ridl. and Piptospatha N.E.Br., we were, with the exception of describing the massive pachycaul Schismatoglottis cor-neri A.Hay as a monotypic new genus, Nabalu S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce, and resurrecting Schott’s Colobogynium, owing to the grade-nature of some of the retrieved clus-ters, reluctant of making further splits, even though intuitively further division of Schismatoglottis was indi-cated. Subsequently, a much larger gene sampling albeit of a limited taxon sampling (Haigh et al. 2022) provid-ed broad support for the Low et al. (2018) topology of Schismatoglottideae giving us confidence to complete the dismemberment of Schismatoglottis that we began in 2018.
SCHISMATOGLOTTIS SENSU STRICTO
The genus Schismatoglottis is here defined by hypogeal (mostly), hapaxanthic (all), shoots, a colonial habit (most), and a caducous spathe limb falling while fresh as a single piece. Further typical, but neither unique nor universal, characteristics of this newly defined Schismatoglottis are an hourglass-shaped spa-dix, a clavate spadix appendix composed of well-defined staminodes (a notable exception is S. wallichii), infructescences pendulous post-antheses, and cordato-sagittate leaf blades. Seventy-two species are assigned to Schismatoglottis, with a further twenty-four names (all allied to S. calyptrata s.s., and almost all Papuasian) pro-visionally accepted pending further field studies. Schismatoglottis is widespread, occurring from SW Myanmar throughout continental tropical and subtropi-cal Asia into SW China, including Hainan and southern Taiwan (Lanyu Do), and the Malay Peninsula, including Singapore, throughout the entire Indonesian Archipela-go, with centres of diversity on, e.g., Sumatera, Borneo, the Philippines, and thence throughout New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago and extending to the Solomon Islands. Despite the proximity of New Guinea to north-ern Australia Schismatoglottis has yet to be found in Australia [c.f. Alocasia, (Hay and Wise 1991)].
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/jopt-16015
Read Full Text: https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/webbia/article/view/16015
